| Subject | Predicate |
| Traffic | is a major cause of pollution. |
| 1. | Tom yawned. |
| Subject + Verb | |
| 2. | Tom opened the door. |
| Subject + Verb + Object | |
| 3. | Tom is ready. |
| Subject + Verb + Complement | |
| 4. | Tom lives in China. |
| Subject + Verb + Adverbial | |
| 5. | Tom gave me a pen. |
| Subject + Verb + Object + Object | |
| 6. | Tom got a shoe wet. |
| Subject + Verb + Object + Complement | |
| 7. | Tom put the box on the table. |
| Subject + Verb + Object + Adverbial |
| Main clause | Subordinate clause |
| Hong Kong's air pollution has become worse | since industry expanded in the Pearl River Delta. |